The theory of buried cable and pipe location
- Different Locating Techniques
- Advantages of Electromagnetic Location
- The Signal, AC or DC?
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Capacitance Effects
- Ground conductivity
- Effects of AC Frequency
- Practical Implications of Capacitance, Ground Conductivity and AC Frequency
- Passive and Active Signals
- Passive and Active Location
- Electrical Power Frequencies
- Radio Frequencies
- Direct Connection
- Induction
- Clamping a Signal to a Line
- Choice of Frequency for Active Location
- Tracing Non-Metallic Pipes
- Detection and Location of Signal Sources
- Horizontal Antenna
- Vertical antenna
- Sonde signal characteristics
- The twin aerial antenna and depth estimation
- CM Current Measurement
- CD Current Direction
- How far can a transmitter signal be traced?
- Accuracy of electromagnetic location technology and Radiodetection locators
- Cable Fault-Finding